# Vim

### Key notations

* `<CR>`: carriage return, i.e. `Enter`.
* `<C-A>`: `ctrl` (^ on Mac) + `a`.

### Help

* `:h`: Seek help. For example, `:h zz` shows what `zz` does.
* `<C-]>`: follow a link in help manual. `<C-T>`: go back.

### Motions

#### Basics

* `hjkl`.
* `%`: move between matching braces (`()`, `[]`, `{}`).
* `(`/`)`: move to previous/next sentence.
* `{`/`}`: move to previous/next paragraph (delimited by empty lines).
* `<N>` + motion: repeat motions, e.g. `5l`, `4{`.
* `/abc`: move to the first occurance of "abc". Delete until the first "abc": `d/abc<CR>`.

#### Line Level

* word: delimited by `-`/`_`/whitespaces. WORD: delimited by whitespaces.
* `w`/`b`: move between word starts. `W`/`B`: move between WORD starts. **Uppercase motion is "bigger".**
* `e`/`ge`: move between word ends. `E`/`gE`: move between WORD ends. **g version is the reverse.**
* `fX`/`FX` (X is any character): move to the next/previous X. If not found, the cursor stays. **Uppercase motion is the reverse.**
* `tX`/`TX`: move until (cursor will be before) next/previous X. Delete until dot: `dt.`.
* `;`/`,`: repeat f/F/t/T in the same/reverse direction.
* `0`/`$`: move to the start/end of current line: .
* `^`: move to the first non-whitespace character of current line.
* `-`/`<CR>`: move to the start of previous/next line.

#### Display Lines

* `gj`/`gk`: move between display lines. **g version is for display lines.**
* `g0`: move to start of a display line.

#### Page Level

* `H`/`M`/`L`: move cursor to the first/middle/last line of the screen.
* `zt`/`z<CR>`/`zb`: redraw buffer so that the current line is the first/middle/last line.
* `<C-B>`/`<C-F>`: move one page up/down.
* `<C-U>`/`<C-D>`: move half page up/down.

#### Buffer Level

* Move to start/end of buffer: `gg`/`G`.
* Move to line `<N>`: `<N>G`/`<N>gg`.
* Move to `<N>` percent: `<N>%`. (No point to jump between matching parenthesis 50 times, so it was repurposed.)

General command format in normal mode: `verb + number + movement`.

| Command | Verb       | Movement                                 | Note                          |
| ------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| `>G`    | `>` indent | `G` from current line to end of file     |                               |
| `c$`    | `c` change | `$` from current position to end of line | `C` is the same. `D` is `d$`. |

Normal mode => insert mode

* `i`: insert before cursor
* `a`: insert after cursor (append). Move to the end of current word and append: `ea`. Move to the end of previous word and append: `gea`.
* `s`: delete current character and insert (substitute)

Uppercase version: for line

* `I`: insert at the beginning of the line
* `A`: insert at the end of the line
* `S`: delete current line and insert
* `o`: insert below current line

Uppercase version: invert

* `O`: insert before current line

Search

* `*`/`#`: search current word forward/backwards

Substitution

substitute in one line, first occurances:

:s/target/replacement

repeat substitution: `&`

### Normal Mode

Move cursor with arrow keys

Ctrl C is the same as esc: insert mode to normal mode

parentheses move between sentences. Curly braces paragraph.

d) delete a sentence

double qoute a: use a register Then yy

Mark

ma mark the current location to a

30G or :30 go to the 30th line

Automatically: mark dot, the line with the last change. Go back: single quote dot.

Lowercase mark is local to buffer. Uppercase mark is global.

Jump history: back ctrl O forward??

Go to the mark: single quote a.

Read:

`:r filename`: read content of a file and insert below

`:r !ls`

`:-1r filename`: insert the file in the previous line

vimrc

show line number :set number (or `:se nu` for short) :se nonu (remove line number)

:noremap   (use space to scroll down)

Abbreviations:

:abb \_ab abcdefg

Then in insert mode, \_ab will be expanded to abcdefg.

\_ab(ctrl-V) space will not be expanded.

fix typo: `:abb recieve receive`

Run shell command: `:! command`

`:com! Py ! python %` define a command (override if existed)

name of command: Py.

content of command: ! (external) % is current file name.

to call this command: `:Py`

`:set` see current set option.

`:set clipboard=unnamedplus` integrate system's clipboard with vim's

start Vim with commands

`vim file.txt +8`: same as `vim file.txt` then `:8`

`vim +1,2d +wq conway.txt` or`vim conway.txt +1,2d +wq`

delete first two lines

`vim file.txt +/Kramm` go to the first instance

vim can work with zip or tar files directly!! Vim treats then as just directories.

Open file from name

if in file1, it says `file2`, use `gf` (go to file) to open that file.

if you have a error log file containing line numbers (e.g. `hello.go:2`), `gF` will open the file on that line.

### Part II Files

#### Open multiple files `:e`

* Open new file in current window: `:e filename`, `:e <TAB>`, `:e prefix<TAB>`.
* Open current directory: `:e .`.
* Reopen current file (discard all unsaved changes): `:e!`.
* Open new file in a new window: `:new filename`.

#### Buffers

A buffer is an opened file.

* List all buffers: `:ls`. `%` is current file.
* Navigate between buffers: `:bp`, `:bn`, `:bfirst`, `:blast`, `:b3` (number in `:ls`), `:b filename`, `:b <TAB>`, `:b prefix<TAB>`.
* Delete a buffer (close one file): `:bd`, `:bd filename`.

#### Windows

Windows are views to a buffer. Useful when you want to see two parts of the same file at the same time.

* Create a new window (split): `<C-W>s` or `:split` split horizontally; `<C-W>v` or `:vsplit` split vertically.
* Move between windows: `<C-W>w`, but `<C-W><C-W>` is probably easier to type.
* Close a window: `:close` or `<C-W>c`.
* Close all other windows: `:only` or `<C-W>o`.

### Part V Patterns

#### Search

* Repeat last search: `/<CR>`.
* Go through search history: `/ <UP>`.

Tip 81 C-r C-w auto complete search term

Tip 82 match numbers :%s///gn

Tip 83 :%s/abc/e cursor will be at the end of matching pattern 14. Substitution TIp 87 :\[range]s/pattern/string/flags flags g: global: modify all matches in one line c: confirm n: do not replace. just to report matching numbers e: suppress error message: no match &: reuse previous flags Replacement string: \t tab \r new line \~ previous string \1, \2: captures \0 or &: all patterns

Tip 89 confirm: a: all: replace this and all the following occurrences l: last. replace here and quit q: quit C-e/C-y: go to previous/next screen

Tip 90 leave pattern empty and vim will use last pattern

Tip 91 replace with register content. :%s/\\=@0/g

Tip92 search in whole file :s/target/replace/g g& 15. Global Commands Tip 97 :\[range] global\[!]/pattern/\[cmd] range: default is all file (%). Other ex command default is current line (.) pattern: default is previous pattern cmd: default is :print !: inverse. only run command on no match lines. :v

Tip 98 :g/re/p ====> grep :g/re/d: delete matching lines :v/re/d: delete non matching lines Tip 99 empty a register: qaq collect TODO :g/TODO/yank A use A to append to register a.

Tip 100 :global/{start}/ .,{finish} \[cmd]

## To Read

Vim命令合集 <http://blog.jobbole.com/114641/?utm_source=blog.jobbole.com&utm_medium=relatedPosts>

5个好用的Vim插件 <http://blog.jobbole.com/114666/>

SpaceVim <https://github.com/SpaceVim/SpaceVim>

<https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/vim/> Vim 101 movement <https://medium.com/usevim/vim-101-quick-movement-c12889e759e0> 移动窗口和tab <https://www.kawabangga.com/posts/2196>

插件推荐 <https://www.zlovezl.cn/articles/vim-plugins-cannot-live-without/> <https://www.zlovezl.cn/articles/my-vim-plugins-for-python/>

Carl smith vim plugins Vim-fugitive Gitv Syntastic Vim-gitgutter Vim-ipython Vim-markdown

Reload vimrc <https://medium.com/usevim/reloading-your-vimrc-bdbc7e6e9665> Five time saving tricks of vim <http://blog.unixphilosopher.com/2015/02/five-weird-vim-tricks.html> <https://medium.com/usevim/five-time-saving-vim-tricks-45aae3d9211>

Google doc notes [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1U539hLM\_heDKxIhrgyrOnqlj67VTyeOdprEOWaXx-64/edit#](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1U539hLM_heDKxIhrgyrOnqlj67VTyeOdprEOWaXx-64/edit)

<https://docs.google.com/document/d/1u39-RWdw_cO1mwvIvvg9F6G78UwWxjbr4-Q7B5f5GlA/edit#heading=h.pqe9ayxg5oim>

<https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/18CxDvfKF7VyUQejAWLd48wCMB4kkuFfK>

NeoVim <https://github.com/neovim/neovim>

Learn Vimscript the hard way (中文) <http://learnvimscriptthehardway.onefloweroneworld.com/>

Vim plugin

Spf13 <https://github.com/spf13/spf13-vim> Airline <https://github.com/vim-airline/vim-airline>

<https://vimawesome.com/>

Vim filname +123 => opens the file at line 123

Study the .vimrc!!

Linux and Vim notes <https://catonmat.net/linux-and-vim-notes>

Some Vim plugins <https://catonmat.net/vim-plugins>

Moving around in Vim <https://dev.to/iggredible/vim-cheatsheet-to-move-around-in-a-file-plus-tips-to-use-them-bme>